In children and teens, the most common causes are Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

在儿童和青少年中，最常见病因是脑膜炎奈瑟和肺炎球。

The major genera with the largest representation in the oral cavities include: streptococcus, prevotella, haemophilus, rothia, veillonella, neisseria, fusobacterium, and porphyromonas.

口腔中的微生物主要包括以下几个：球、普、嗜血、罗、韦荣球、奈瑟、梭与卟啉单胞。

Prophylactic antibiotics can also be administered, to avoid outbreaks of bacterial meningitis like in households where individuals haven't been vaccinated against Neisseria meningitidis.

预防性抗生素也可以被给药，以避免细性脑膜炎发作，比如在有家还没有接种脑膜炎奈瑟疫苗的家庭中。

Having an absent or non-functional spleen means a person is susceptible to encapsulated bacteria - like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Salmonella species - since encapsulated bacteria are normally opsonized and then phagocytized by macrophages in the spleen.

无脾或脾功能丧失使人容易感染荚膜，例如肺炎球、流感嗜血、脑膜炎奈瑟与沙门，因为荚膜通常被脾脏中的巨噬细胞调理并吞噬。