Chronic gout can eventually lead to permanent deposits of urate crystals—called tophi, which form along the bones just beneath the skin.

慢性痛风最终会导致尿酸永久性沉积，形成痛风石，附于骨头，止于皮下。

At a physiologic pH of about 7.4, uric acid loses a proton and becomes a urate ion, which then binds sodium and forms monosodium urate crystals.

生理环境下，体液pH值约为7.4，此时尿酸会失去一个，为尿酸离；尿酸离与钠离合，形成单钠尿酸盐。

At a physiologic pH, uric acid loses a proton and becomes a urate ion, which then binds sodium, forming monosodium urate which crystallizes and ultimately forms uric acid stones.

生理PH值下，尿酸失去一个成尿酸盐离，随之与钠合，形成单钠尿酸盐，后最终形成尿酸石。

Individuals with chronic gout are also at an increased risk for developing kidney stones made of uric acid, as well as urate nephropathy, which is when urate crystals deposit in the interstitium of the kidney.

慢性痛风病人罹患尿酸性肾石以及尿酸性肾病风险也会升高；尿酸性肾病中，尿酸沉积于肾脏间。