Objective:Research and development of anesthetization process plan of Abstinence syndrome occurring in the on-operation toxicomania patients.

探讨物成瘾的病人围术期出现戒断症状的麻醉处理方案。

The potent and rapid-acting opiates (fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil) can be used as the sole induction agents in cardiovascular surgery where hemodynamic stability is critical.

（芬太尼、叔芬太尼、阿芬太尼）快速起作用的吗啡类物，由于其对血液动力可作为心脏手术单独诱导麻醉剂。