So some vaccines contain substances called " adjuvants, " which put the immune system on higher alert.

为此，有的疫苗会加点 “助剂”，以帮助免疫系统更敏感些。

Do we need a chemical stimulant we call an adjuvant?

们需要一种们称之为佐剂的化学兴奋剂吗？

Those are called adjuvants, from the Latin " adjuvare, " to help or aid.

这些被称为佐剂，来自拉丁语“adjuvare”，用于帮助或帮助。

And we might add an adjuvant, as we talked about, to boost an immune response.

如们所，们可能会添加一种佐剂来增强免疫反应。

Adjuvants are molecules we might add to a vaccine to get a stronger response.

佐剂是们可以添加到疫苗中以获得更强反应的分子。

There are many different antigens to choose from and many different adjuvants.

有许多不同的抗原可供选择，也有许多不同的佐剂。

So it has implications for everything from cancer, to vaccination, to adjuvants, and to protecting us against infections.

因此，它对癌症、疫苗接种、佐剂以及保护们免受感染等方方面面都有影响。

Once built, they attached the new hapten molecules to carrier proteins, mixed them with adjuvant, injected the results into mice and waited.

一旦构建完成，他们把这些新的半抗原分子结合到载体蛋白上，并与佐药混合，注射进小鼠体内，等待结果。

Interestingly, these adjuvants have different effects depending on the age or other demographic factors of the individual.

有趣的是，这些佐剂会根据个人的龄或其他人口统计因素产生不同的效果。

Finally, there is a chemical cocktail called an adjuvant that helps get the immune system to pay attention to the carrier protein and the haptens.

最后，有一种叫做佐药的鸡尾酒帮助免疫系统对载体蛋白和半抗原做出反应。

So we're trying to make vaccines where we add adjuvants that actually make the vaccine create better immunity than the disease, so that we can confer immunity for many years.

所以们在尝试制造疫苗，们添加佐剂实际上使疫苗产生比疾病更好的免疫力，这样们就可以提供多的免疫力。

Vaccines that include the use of adjuvants, or components that enhance the immune response to the antigen, must be given in a muscle to avoid widespread irritation and inflammation. Adjuvants act in a variety of ways to stimulate a stronger immune response.

包括使用佐剂或增强对抗原的免疫反应的成分的疫苗必须在肌肉中给予以避免广泛的刺激和炎症。佐剂以多种方式发挥作用，以刺激更强的免疫反应。