In addition, serum amylase, lipase and bilirubin might sometimes be elevated.

此外，血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胆红素有时高。

Alright, so the other type is bilirubin or pigmented gallstones.

胆红素结石，或称胆色素结石。

Well, actually pigmented gallstones are made of unconjugated bilirubin.

然而，事实上胆红素结石是由非结合胆红素构成的。

The brownness is due to this mix of unconjugated or hydrolyzed bilirubin and phospholipids.

结石的褐色源自未结合胆红素，或水解的胆红素，和磷脂的混合物。

These ones, again, are pretty self-explanatory and are made mostly of bilirubin and therefore are pigmented.

这类结石，顾名思义，主要由胆红素构成，因此含有色素。

Usually though, bile salts bind up the calcium ions and keep them from binding with and precipitating unconjugated bilirubin.

通常情况下，胆盐会结合钙离子，此阻止钙离子与非结合胆红素结合并沉淀。

I thought there was only conjugated bilirubin in bile?

这是怎么回事？难道胆汁里不是只有结合胆红素？

Since it's the bilirubin in bile, we'd maybe assume that they're made of conjugated bilirubin, right?

由于是胆汁中的胆红素，我们大概会认为它们是由结合胆红素构成的，对吧？

Jaundice actually occurs when your blood contains an excess of the molecule bilirubin.

当您的血液中含有过量的胆红素分子时， 就会出现黄疸。

Recycling of that heme group yields unconjugated bilirubin, which at high concentration can cause scleral icterus, jaundice, and bilirubin gall stones.

血红素的循环利用会产生非结合胆红素，其浓度过高会导致巩膜黄染、黄疸与胆红素胆结石。

These are made when there's too much bilirubin in the bile and it has combined with calcium to form the solid precipitate calcium bilirubinate.

当胆汁中含有过量胆红素时会形成此类结石，由胆红素与钙结合形成固体沉淀物胆红素钙。

It manufactures blood proteins, destroys old erythrocytes and releases bilirubin, removes poisons (detoxificatien) from the blood, stores and releases glycogen needed by the body.

它生产血浆蛋白，破坏衰老的红细胞并释放胆红素，从血液中去除毒素（解毒作用），储存和释放身体所需的糖原。

Although cirrhosis usually affects adults, even newborns can have complications like jaundice, or buildup of bilirubin in the blood, on account of poor excretion by the liver.

尽管肝硬化多见于成年人，但新生儿也有相应并发症，如黄疸，或由于肝脏代谢不良导致血液中淤积胆红素。

Frequently affected organs include the liver, where the bacterial toxins damage liver sinusoids and hepatocytes, causing bilirubin to spill into the bloodstream - which clinically translates as jaundice.

肝脏是常见的受累器官，细菌释放的毒素破坏肝窦及肝细胞，导致胆红素释放入血液循环，在临床上表现为黄疸。

Well the vast majority is conjugated, but there is a small amount of unconjugated bilirubin in bile, only about 1-2% of total bilirubin, which is only 1% of bile.

其实胆汁中绝大部分是结合胆红素，但仍有少量的非结合胆红素，仅占总胆红素的1-2%，占胆汁的1%。

And he was turning yellow and then orange with jaundice, with these high levels of bilirubin and just started to scratch and claw and was really, really miserable.

由于黄疸，胆红素含量很高，他的皮肤颜色变黄，然后变成橙色，他开始抓挠，真的非常非常痛苦。

And, since the liver usually conjugates bilirubin, there'll be increased unconjugated bilirubin in the blood from a less-functional liver and that can lead to jaundice.

还有，由于肝脏把血液中过多的非结合胆红素转变成结合胆红素，肝脏功减退还会引起的血液中非结合胆红素高，引发黄疸。

With extravascular hemolysis, we have macrophages eating up red blood cells more than normal and unconjugated bilirubin production is ramped up, which is conjugated by the liver and sent to the gallbladder.

血管外溶血时，巨噬细胞吞噬红细胞，较正常时更多，进而加速了非结合胆红素的产生，非结合胆红素在肝脏转变为结合胆红素，并输送至胆囊。

Gallstones can be made up of bilirubin, called pigment gallstones, or cholesterol, called cholesterol stones, or maybe they're made up of both, and when they roll around and are in contact with the epithelial cells, they can cause inflammation.

胆石由胆红素组成，称为胆色素结石；或者由胆固醇组成，称为胆固醇结石；或者由胆红素和胆固醇两种成分混合组成；当胆石四处滚动，碰撞到上皮细胞，引起炎症反应。