When proto-oncogenes, like epidermal growth factor receptor and RAS, are activated, it turns them into oncogenes that promote cell division.

当原癌基因（如表皮生长因子受体基因、RAS基因）时，它们就变成了促进细胞分裂的癌基因。

I will scan you now. Scan complete. You have a slight epidermal abrasion on your forearm. I suggest an anti-bacterial spray.

现在我将对你进行扫描。扫描完毕。你的小臂上有轻度表皮擦伤。我建议用除菌喷雾处理。

Once it’s in, the virus causes epidermal cells to go into reproductive overdrive.

一旦进入， 病毒就会导致表皮细胞进入繁殖超速状态。

Since the proboscis goes through both the epidermal and dermal layers, the cells in those layers are susceptible to infection by Zika virus.

因为喙穿过了表皮和真皮层，这些皮层中的细胞就容易受到寨卡病毒的感染。

Epidermal cells divide, move outwards, die, and form the skin's tough outer layer, which gradually sheds off in single cells far too small to see.

表皮细胞分裂、外移、凋亡，形成皮肤坚韧的屏障，并以肉眼无法看到的单细胞逐渐脱落。

Some breast cancers also have mutations in the ERBB2 gene that increase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, or HER-2, which when activated, promotes the growth of cells.

一些乳腺癌也有ERBB2基因的突变，可以增加人表皮生长因子受体2（HER-2）的表达；当它HER-2时，会促进细胞增长。

Initially, ink is deposited into the epidermis as well, but as the skin heals, the damaged epidermal cells are shed and replaced by new, dye-free cells with the topmost layer peeling off like heeling sunburn.

其实，纹身的过程也会把颜料植入表皮，但是随着皮肤的自我修复，损坏的表皮细胞脱落新的、没有颜料的细胞所替代，如同表层皮肤阳光灼伤一样脱落。