These include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

单糖的类有葡萄糖、果糖和半糖。

There are oligosaccharides like galacto-oligosaccharides which are short chains of galactose molecules like those found in soybeans.

低聚半糖就寡糖，在大量较高，由数个半糖分子结合形成的短链分子。

Finally, there's the monosaccharide, galactose, known as milk sugar.

最后还有单糖叫半糖，常与糖相提并论。

Just like that galactose has become just one more glucose molecule in the liver.

半糖通过这方式变成了可供肝脏利用的葡萄糖。

Now, lactose is a dye saccharide sugar, meaning it's composed of two simple sugar building blocks, glucose and galactose.

糖染料糖，这意味着它由两个简单的糖块组成，葡萄糖和半糖。

It’s called galactose oligosaccharide, also known as the Gal antigen.

它被称为低聚半糖，也称为Gal抗原。

A molecular mass of 180 could be either the glucose, galactose or fructose.

分子量为 180 的可能葡萄糖、半糖或果糖。

Among these are serine and threonine residues which are O-linked glycosylated, meaning they have a sugar molecule, specifically galactose, attached to their oxygen.

其有丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基，o链糖基化的，这意味着它们的氧上有个糖分子，半糖居多。

Now, metabolism of galactose has an initial step where an enzyme in the liver converts galactose into glucose - basically flipping the orientation of the OH group on the 4th carbon.

半糖代谢的第步在肝脏，通过酶的作用，将半糖转化为葡萄糖，其实就把半糖的4号碳上的-OH键调个方向。

Lactose on the other hand has a beta 1-4 glycosidic bond, meaning that carbon 1 of galactose and carbon 4 of glucose are bonded, but this time the molecules are stacked with one higher than the other.

糖的糖苷键为β-1，4糖苷键，即半糖分子的1号碳与葡萄糖分子的4号碳以糖苷键相连，β代表了两个糖分子上下交叠，高低。

For example, in honey 50% of the sugar is fructose, 44% is glucose, 4% is galactose, 2% is maltose; whereas in maple syrup less than 1% of the sugar is fructose, 3% is glucose, and 96% is sucrose.

举个例子，蜂蜜有50%的果糖、44%的葡萄糖、4%的半糖与2%的麦芽糖；而枫糖浆，果糖的量不到1%，葡萄糖仅占3%，其余的96%都蔗糖。