When the Universe was still ionized, prior to recombination, it was opaque.

当宇宙还处于电离状态时，在重组之前，它不透明。

Ionizing radiation tears the cellular structure apart.

电离辐射会破坏细胞结构。

This ionizing radiation has enough energy to rip electrons from atoms.

种电离辐射有足够能量把电子从原子中剥离出来。

That protection keeps Solar wind and other ionizing radiation off of the surface.

种保护使太阳风和其他电离辐射远离地球表面。

All nuclear radiation is ionizing, while only the highest energy electromagnetic radiation is.

所有核辐射都电离，然而电磁辐射只有最高能量。

Under those conditions, hydrogen is completely ionized, which means the electrons in the atoms are stripped from their protons.

在种条件下，全电离，意味着原子中电子从质子边剥离出来。

These sand-sized particles emit ionizing radiation, capable of separating electrons from molecules and atoms.

些沙粒大小微粒发出离子辐射，能够使分子和原子电离。

Gas molecules emitted by the comet get ionized by the Sun's ultraviolet light.

彗星释放气体分子太阳紫外线电离。

The growing radiation from those first stars ionized hydrogen atoms, split them back into protons and electrons.

随着初代恒星发出辐射越来越大，电离原子再次分解为质子和电子。

There are also other environmental risk factors like ionizing radiation, like from chest X-rays and CT scans.

还有一些环境因素如胸部X线或CT扫描等电离辐射，也高危因素。

We ate really well there, because you need to keep your strength up to fight the ionizing radiation.

我们吃得挺不错，因为你得精力充沛地跟离子辐射奋战。

If you paid attention, you learned how pure water ionizes to form hydronium and hydroxide ions in reversible reactions.

也会出现0以下或14以上时候但那只会出现在一些极端条件下。

Low levels of ionized calcium affect a variety of cellular processes, in particular, electrically active neurons.

低水平离子钙会影响多种细胞过程，特别神经元电活动。

One way scientists compare ionizing radiation exposure is a unit called the sievert.

科学家们区别电离辐射暴露一个方法一种叫西韦特单位。

And all those atoms are ionized: they either lose an electron or gain one to give them a charge.

它们要么失去一个电子，要么得到一个电子，从而得到一个电荷。

So the universe went from neutral to ionized.

所以宇宙从中性变为电离。

Typically this difference in energy is released as what's called ionizing radiation.

通常，种能量差异以所谓电离辐射形式释放。

And when the very first stars and galaxies switched on, they ionized that hydrogen.

当最早恒星和星系启动时，它们将电离。

All of the tardigrade samples were exposed to both ionizing solar and galactic cosmic radiation.

所有缓步动物样本都暴露在电离太阳和银河宇宙辐射下。

This is known as ionizing radiation because an atom that has lost or gained electrons is called an ion.

个叫做电离辐射因为一个已经失去或得到电子原子叫做离子。