Now the mucosal tissue in the oral cavity can undergo several premalignant pathological changes.

口腔内的黏组织可经历数种癌前病理变化。

Another approach we could soon see is the use of sniffable or inhalable vaccines – mucosal vaccines.

我们很快就可以看到的另种方式是使用可嗅或可吸入的疫苗——疫苗。

In addition to the itchy lesions, painful sores can appear on mucosal surfaces like inside the mouth.

除了发痒的皮损外，黏表面可能会出现伴有疼痛的溃疡，例如口腔黏的溃疡。

The inflammatory response creates mucosal oedema and increase middle ear discharge, eventually leading to tympanic membrane perforation.

炎症反应导水肿，中耳分泌物增多，最终导鼓穿孔。

But other enzymes are actually bound to cell membranes in the intestinal mucosal layer, and they're reusable.

但是其他酶实际上与肠层的细胞结合，们是可重复使用的。

Like the rest of the respiratory tract, the walls of the larynx are made up of mucosal epithelium.

和其呼吸道上皮样，喉的上皮也是黏上皮。

Once that bag ruptured, the anthrax would have gone directly into the mucosal tissues of his GI system.

子破裂，炭疽菌立刻会进入他的胃肠道组织。

And we've yet to nail down the precise mechanisms behind mucosal destruction.

我们还不能明确损伤具体的机制。

Ischemic and infarcted tissue results in the sloughing off of intestinal mucosal tissue, blood, and mucus into the gut.

缺血及梗死使肠组织脱落，与血液、液同进入肠道。

Mucosal damage can cause inflammation, or esophagitis, which can lead to complications like stenosis and Barrett's esophagus.

损伤可引起炎症，即食管炎，这可能导并发症，比如食管狭窄和Barrett食管。

This delicate balance is constantly regulated and referred to as mucosal defense.

这种微妙的平衡不断受到调节，被称为防御。

Simultaneously, the trigger worsens inflammation, causing the mucosal lining to become more swollen and secrete more mucus.

同时，触发因素会加剧炎症，导内层变得更加肿胀并分泌更多液。

With each mucosal infection, the glomeruli undergo inflammation and injury, so over time—on the scale of decades—individuals may slowly progress to renal failure.

每次感染，肾小球都会经历炎症和损伤，久而久之，几十年过后可能会发展为肾衰竭。

IgA is the main antibody found in breast milk, tears, saliva, and the mucosal secretions of respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and the genitourinary tract.

IgA是乳汁、泪液、唾液中最多的抗体，也是呼吸道黏、胃肠、泌尿生殖道最常见的抗体。

Yet H. pylori survives the acidic turmoil of the stomach with a variety of features that disrupt mucosal defense in its favor.

然而， 幽门螺杆菌在胃的酸性紊乱中幸存下来，具有多种破坏防御的功能。

Smoking can alter the oral microbiota by increasing the acidity of saliva, depleting oxygen, influencing oral baterial adherence to mucosal surfaces, and impairing host immunity.

吸烟能通过增加唾液酸度、消耗氧气含量、影响口腔细菌对黏表面的附着、降低宿主免疫力等方式，改变口腔微生物群。

Will they need to have local mucosal immunity, which is in the mouth and nose, as well as serum immunity in the bloodstream?

他们是否需要在口腔和鼻子中具有局部免疫力，以及在血液中具有血清免疫力？

" So we think that if we could use these phages and how they stick to mucosal surfaces and potentially protect against some of these food-borne outbreaks."

“所以我们认为，如果我们能使用这些噬菌体以及如何附在表面的特点来预防些食源性疾病的爆发。”

So, the innermost epithelial layer of the tube is known as the mucosal layer, and it contains some connective tissue as well, which supplies it with blood.

所以，管子最里面的上皮层被称为层，也包含些结缔组织，为提供血液。

Okay, so the intestinal wall, like this one, has lots of ridges and grooves, and also can be separated into the mucosal layer, submucosal layer, muscle layer, and serosa.

好，那肠壁有很多的脊和槽，像这个图片样，肠壁还可以被分成黏层、黏下层、肌层和浆层。