Next, let's talk about the vacuole.

接着说说液泡吧。

A plant cell usually has one large vacuole, whereas an animal cell may have several smaller ones, called vesicles.

植物细胞通常有一个大液泡，而动物细胞可能会有许多较小的液泡，成为囊泡。

Vacuoles are basically storage tanks that the cell uses to hold water or other materials.

液泡算作储存器，被细胞用来保存水或者是其他物质。

The role of the vacuole is to provide support for the cell shape and to store sugars.

液泡的作用是为细胞形状提供支持并储存糖分。

Finally, plant cells also contain structures known as vacuoles; these are filled with a watery substance which contains dissolved sugars called cell sap.

最后，植物细胞还包含被称为液泡的结构；这些液泡中充满了含有溶解糖分的水样物质，称为细胞液。

That way, the cells would use autophagy to send stuff to the vacuole.

这样，细胞就会利用自噬将物质输送到液泡。

Then the cell flushes digestive enzymes inside the food vacuole to start the digestion.

然后细胞冲洗食物液泡内的消化酶以开始消化。

And vacuoles are also more of a plant thing — they're fluid-filled organelles that maintain pressure in the plant cell to keep the plant from wilting.

液泡更像是植物的东西——它们是充满液体的细胞器，在植物细胞中保持压力，防止植物枯萎。

While some animal cells have small ones, as much as ninety percent of a plant cell's volume can be taken up by the vacuole.

一些动物细胞的液泡很小，而植物细胞的液泡占细胞体积的 90% 之多。

Vacuoles are often the largest organelle in a plant cell, and when plants do not get enough water, their vacuoles shrink, and the plant begins to wilt.

植物细胞中液泡通常是最大的细胞器。当细胞不能得到充足水分时，它们的液泡就会收缩，继而植物枯萎。

Vacuoles help cells grow, store proteins and sugars, and often contain colored pigments, so we have them to thank for the pretty pink petals on our roses.

液泡帮助细胞生长，储存蛋白质和糖，通常含有有色色素，所以我们的玫瑰有漂亮的粉红色花瓣就要感谢它们。

He reasoned that if the backlog of stuff didn’t pile up in the vacuole, the genes that were supposed to send it there had to be the ones that has been turned off.

他推断，如果积压的物质没有堆积在液泡中，那么应将其发送到液泡中的因就必须被关闭。