noncooperative

The analysis reveals that the noncooperative games between developers are not Pareto Optimality, while cooperative games are generally Pareto Optimality.

过分析可知，开发商之间非合作博弈都不是帕累托最优，而合作博弈常都是帕累托最优。

Bargaining situations are examples of cooperative games. As with noncooperative games, in bargaining one can sometimes gain a strategic advantage by limiting one's flexibility.

“讨还”这种情况就是合作竞争一个例子。在非合作博弈中，“讨还”一就可以过限制适应性而获得策略优势。